A fern is a vascular plant that has roots stems, leaves and other organs. But it is different from the seed plants. The stems are an underground creeping rhizome, in erect or diageotropism (decumbent), with leave and adventitious root. The leaf is referred to as a frond which is obviously easy to recognize. Most of circinate venation is tightly curled so that the tender growing tips of the frond which is protected within a coil. Varieties of ferns have different frond structures, from simple leaf to pinnatifid compound fronds. Because of the filicoid leaf margin, ancients and modern Japanese refer to fern as Filicophyta. The fern, the plant with root, stem and leaves we see are fern’s sporophyte.The sporophyte phase produces haploid spores by meiosis. A spore grows by cell division into a gametophyte, which typically consists of a photosynthetic prothallus. The gametophyte produces gametes (often both sperm and eggs on the same prothallus) by mitosis. A mobile, flagellate sperm fertilizes an egg that remains attached to the prothallus. The fertilized egg is now a diploid zygote and grows by mitosis into a sporophyte. That is the completed life cycle of the fern. There are big differences in life cycle from fern to seed plants: In the life cycle of seed plants, a long period of life in sporophyte form and gamethophyte is parasite on sporophyte. A fertilized egg develops into an embryo which is contained a fertilized seed. The endosperm is absorbed by the embryo as the latter grows within the developing seed. The sporophyte and gametophyte of fern plants could function independently and most of life cycle is on sporophyte form.